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The Bahraini uprising was a series of demonstrations, amounting to a sustained campaign of civil and violent〔http://www.funker530.com/100-moltov-cocktails-thrown-at-police-at-once/〕〔http://www.military.com/video/ammunition-and-explosives/liquid-explosives/molotov-cocktails-rain-down-on-police/1513031689001/〕 resistance in the Persian Gulf country of Bahrain. As part of the revolutionary wave of protests in the Middle East and North Africa following the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi in Tunisia, the Bahraini protests were initially aimed at achieving greater political freedom and equality for the majority Shia population,〔("Bahrain Shia Leaders Visit Iraq" ). ''The Daily Telegraph''. Retrieved 20 January 2011.〕〔 and expanded to a call to end the monarchy of Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa〔 following a deadly night raid on 17 February 2011 against protesters at the Pearl Roundabout in Manama,〔 known locally as Bloody Thursday. Protesters in Manama camped for days at the Pearl Roundabout, which became the centre of the protests. After a month, the government of Bahrain requested troops police aid from the Gulf Cooperation Council. On 14 March 1,000 troops from Saudi Arabia and 500 troops from UAE entered Bahrain and crushed the uprising. A day later, King Hamad declared martial law and a three-month state of emergency. Pearl Roundabout was cleared of protesters and the iconic statue at its center was destroyed. Occasional demonstrations have, however, continued since then. After the state of emergency was lifted on 1 June, the opposition party, Al Wefaq National Islamic Society, organized several weekly protests〔Andrew Hammond (4 June 2012). ("Bahrain says group follows violent Shi'ite cleric" ). Reuters. ''The Daily Star''. Retrieved 6 September 2012.〕 usually attended by tens of thousands.〔("Bahrain forces quash protests" ). Reuters. ''The Independent''. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 6 September 2012.〕 On 9 March 2012, over 100,000 attended and another on 31 August attracted tens of thousands.〔("Tens of thousands join protest in Bahrain" ). Al Jazeera. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.〕 Daily smaller-scale protests and clashes continued, mostly outside Manama's business districts. By April 2012, more than 80 had died.〔Gregg Carlstrom (23 April 2012). ("Bahrain court delays ruling in activists case" ). Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 June 2012.〕 The police response was described as a "brutal" crackdown on "peaceful and unarmed" protesters, including doctors and bloggers.〔Law, Bill (6 April 2011). ("Police Brutality Turns Bahrain Into 'Island of Fear' ). ''Crossing Continents'' (via BBC News). Retrieved 15 April 2011.〕〔Press release (30 March 2011). ("USA Emphatic Support to Saudi Arabia" ). Zayd Alisa (via Scoop). Retrieved 15 April 2011.〕〔Cockburn, Patrick (18 March 2011). ("The Footage That Reveals the Brutal Truth About Bahrain's Crackdown" ). ''The Independent''. Retrieved 15 April 2011.〕 The police carried out midnight house raids in Shia neighbourhoods, beatings at checkpoints and denial of medical care in a campaign of intimidation.〔Wahab, Siraj (18 March 2011). ("Bahrain Arrests Key Opposition Leaders" ). ''Arab News''. Retrieved 15 April 2011.〕〔Law, Bill (22 March 2011). ("Bahrain Rulers Unleash 'Campaign of Intimidation'" ). ''Crossing Continents'' (via BBC News). Retrieved 15 April 2011.〕〔Chick, Kristen (1 April 2011). ("Bahrain's Calculated Campaign of Intimidation" ). ''The Christian Science Monitor''. Retrieved 15 April 2011.〕 More than 2,929 people have been arrested,〔(Bahrain inquiry confirms rights abuses – Al Jazeera ) 〕〔(Applying pressure on Bahrain ), 9 May 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2011 〕 and at least five died due to torture in police custody.〔 In June, King Hamad established the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry composed of international independent figures to assess the incidents.〔("HM King Hamad Sets up Royal Independent Investigation Commission" ). Bahrain News Agency. 29 June 2011. Retrieved 1 September 2012.〕 The report was released on 23 November and confirmed the Bahraini government's use of systematic torture and other forms of physical and psychological abuse on detainees, as well as other human rights violations.〔 It also rejected the government's claims that the protests were instigated by Iran. The report was criticised for not disclosing the names of individual abusers and extending accountability only to those who actively carried out human rights violations. In early July 2013, Bahraini activists called for major rallies on 14 August under the title Bahrain Tamarod. ==Naming== The Bahraini uprising is also known as 14 February uprising〔("The Unfinished February 14 Uprising: What Next for Bahrain?" ). POMED. 9 February 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.〕 and Pearl uprising.〔("Voices from Bahrain: Anniversary of the Uprising" ). Freedom House. 15 February 2012. Retrieved 30 May 2012.〕 Although the majority of sources refer to it as an uprising, some have named it a Revolution. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bahraini uprising of 2011」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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